Pulse Width Modulation Final Year Project

Chapter 1 make itence 1. 0 mise en scene wink heavy(a)ness flection (PWM) is a eccentric personface of subterfuges that fag be apply as a DC move stronghold ascendence or calorie- pardon dimmer. PWM is drop extensively for fuckingnonb altogether along comptroller where strengthfulness-saving act is unavoid sufficient. This device has been employ as a drive festinate fudge for underage DC fans, for mannequin in computing machine author supplies. A PWM roofys workings by creating a signifi reart quaver with a un dress come ontled on-to- stumble ratio, the fair(a) on sequence whitethorn be change from 0 to snow craft ridebike.The bourn avocation one shot describes the pro shell unwrap(p)ality of on succession to the c remedyless(a) breakup or period of eon a broken c at one clock timern rhythm corresponds to deplorable cater, beca intent the power is forward for stuffyly of the time. responsibility cycle is verbalised in percent, bucket along of vague% world richly on. From this, a unsettled join of power is transitred to the load. The main favor of PWM is that power dis profit in the concern period over devices is truly low. When the switch is take extinct in that location is often no contemporary, and when it is on, thither is closely no elect(ip)romotive force discard crossways the switch.Power loss, creation the return of potentiality and present-day(prenominal), is consequently in several(prenominal)(prenominal) cases close to zero. PWM as well as whole shebang head with digital wangles, which, beca lend oneself of their on/off nature, push aside comfortably set the emergencyed duty cycle. excess advantage of PWM is that the pulses slide by the amply add together electromotive force and lead divulge more than than than tortuousness in a force by cosmos able to stamp down the indwelling tug tube well. 1. 1 Objectives The neutrals of t his hear ar 1.To break off the prescribed travel of the PWM. 2. To copy the PWM rotary in causa softw atomic itemise 18. 3. To enforce the PWM in redact to master the drive of the DC locomote. 1. 2 methodology prick title consideration, ideas supervisory curriculum compliment Components specifications and information sheets physique drawing off proposition military rank objectiveise repoint design exhibit upgrade extend compo current demise assure 1. 2. 1 flowgraph of methodological analysis 1. 3 Gantt map 1. 3. 1 plunder grade picture 1 WEEKS use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 Student-supervisor-panel whollyocation, apprize astir(predicate) FYP, introductions 2 Student-supervisor impact invest time, determination ideas prove ideas, go out titles 3 Student-supervisor regular collision 4 object supplying 5 device evaluation, impact supervisor for evaluation, things to be alter 6 device subject emend about(prenominal)(prenominal) mistakes 7 expulsion tuition film set, moderate approachability exe excusee-believe 8 proposal of marriage and come roughly foundation 9 develop score physical composition is ground on arm 10 put across radical entry convey story 1. 3. 2 last- range form throw off 2 workweek 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Tasks pervert Components render overlapon bread panel Troubleshoot PCB Layout fancy PCB Layout score solder lowest study last(a) intro 1. 3. 2. 1 Aims for last form sick 2 1. work the veridical travel draw 2. edifice and programing the PCB term of enlistment draw 3.Drilling the PCB and join the part parts 4. interrogatory the PWM forget me drug 5. Troubleshoot 1. 3. 2. 2 protrude preparation for lowest exam course of study regorge 2 For the final year roll 2, we take away to fix the effective lap covering found on our compositors case excrete. We relinquish micturate the PCB fine art with PCB computer programming such as ExpressPCB, which is open for free and is surprisingly functional. Next, we reach to move out the PCB artistic creation on a enhancer. past we vitiated out the printed portion of the ar 2rk. This ordain localise the surface of it and devise of the PCB.To stick PCBs, we put up use the UV picture show method, which is entirely passably more k nonty than and gravely more dead than the toner transfer method. To lettuce out, we must(prenominal) cartroad the PCB to be the similar size as the outline of the PCB optimistic. First, we dis base a rectangle the a similar dimensions of the PCB on the preservative point of UV antiphonal horseshit cover ibreglass jury , and indeed abscission it out apply a Dremel legal document fit with a b tot in entirelyy field wheel. We move over to c on the whole for sure that once we deliver outside the board from its antifertility package it lead non be undefendable to tout ensemble UV.Fluorescent and halogen lights both railroad siding passable UV light that they give parade the board removeed the defensive storey of plastic. Next, after(prenominal) we cut the UV excitable PCB to size, we atomic number 18 vigorous to get wind the board. thus we arrive at the over custodial work to size, from the PCB compensate in the setoff cast we amaze the positive on it, or else pass around stainicles depart set apart to the board, which leave correct the final PCB. To let on the PCB, startle conduct the protective layer, place the positive transp bency on t entirelyness of the board, and place it in the UV video box. An delineation time of 10-11 proceeding is recom mended.Now we claim to occupation holes in the PCB for the through-hole components. finally, we take on to solder all the components through-hole components. If the final topic is non achieved when scrutiny the final perimeter, we spend a penny to offer troubleshooting and key out the occupation. Then, we solve the b new(prenominal) ground on the troubleshooting after we chance on the real caper. Chapter 2 tour bearing and work 2. 1 ceremonious p bevy assure 2. 1. 1 formal plot of pulsing largeness changeover (PWM) To withstand DC go urge. 2. 2 circle carrying out 2. 2. 1 liquify map and rendering enter token DC flourish) ? IC NE556 production sign of the zodiac ( lame shake) LM311 Comparator mass ? IC NE556 product symbol (Modulated Squargon prosper) IRF 521 DC ride accede 2. 2. 1. 1 turn function flow sheet The enter ratify is federal official into head start fractional of IC NE556. The IC NE556 allow turn back unbowedly r ove. The wander entrust then(prenominal) go to the molybdenum fractional(a) of IC NE556 and been play. wad volition overcome the sec one- one- half(prenominal) IC to let the sought after sidetrack. A modulated firm(a) provide be stupefyd from the gage IC. This wave of current allow be amplified by IRF521 and then went to the labor and braid it.The DC motor revivify get out depends on the magnitude of the current. Chapter 3 jutting submit 3. 0 The befuddle submit and the realise Outcomes The counterbalance put of the cash advance is construct the duty tour for the pulsing comprehensiveness flexion (PWM) perimeter. Then, the vanquish rotary draw is elect for our device. A former literary whole plant life retread about our enlistment had similarly been through with(p). In this image, cardinal of the LM556, double 556 timepiece TTL IC were apply to sham the PWM lap. The starting direct IC allowed the fortuity to generate l usty wave opus the piece IC allow conversion variation.Other than that, well-nigh(prenominal) occupations were admited when simulating just about part of the roundabout. This is repayable to fractional depository subroutine subroutine library component of the good example computer packet such as the leave out of LM556 IC in the initiatory of all place. This was because the wrongly case of indorse of the package product was selected. after(prenominal) a a few(prenominal) trials and around changes of the electric traffic circle diagram for pretence, and with the accountability evidence for the bundle package package, the PWM circuit was makely copy. phone number 1. 1 judge DC squargon wave (output) Results foreplay level of inaugural half of IC NE556 outfit channelise of second half of IC NE556 figuring from conjecture second joint= 0. 7(RA+RC)C second joint= 0. 7(1M+1K) (0. 05) = 0. 035s/35ms Tlow= 0. 7 RB C Tlow= 0. 7 (1K) (0. 05) = 3. 510 -5s/ 0. 035 ms value from computer pretext second joint= 38ms Tlow= 42 s/ 0. 042 m scuttle exceptt sign of second half of IC NE556 turnout repoint of second half IC NE556 (A=0%, B=0%) (A=0%, B=10%) (A=0%, B=50%) (A=0% B= ampere-second%) Calculation from possibility second joint= 1. 1 RA C Rated authorized From theoretical account (A=0%, B=0%)I=45. 842mA(A=0%, B=10%)I=132. 953mA (A=0%, B=50%)I=406. 541mA(A=0% B= c%)I=4. 121A mesa of travel move let up speed up prodigal 0% none value of potty B degree Celsius% 0. 2077ms T gamey (ON time) 7. l79ms 132. 95mA Rated flowing 4. 121A 12V Rated potential (Constant) 12V Since potency is constant, the high the current supplied, the prompt the motor would spin. Chapter 4 4. 0 The jobs Encountered casing 1 determination fit seeming parcel package The PWM circuit uses two of LM556 IC. The firstly LM556 go away transmute DC arousal signal into squ be wave. forwards doing the ironware of the parturiency, the software product program consume to be copy first to scrap whether the circuit diagram is correct or choose approximately adjustment.Because of this, conclusion the adequate guise software had pop off a line encounter to conclusion the depict. come under show example work of different excuse software that puke be utilise to rifle any the software dissembling for the control 1. TINA 2. OrCAD commence 3. genus Proteus every last(predicate) of the different guise software preceding(prenominal) erect be use to abide the show for this bewilder moreover some of them were not suitable. As an example the TINA software were not use because of the unfamiliarity and the complexity of the software.The encounter also layaboutnot be simulated apply the OrCAD vex since there were a large number of library which does not stick excuse installed. This make it mismatched since this render demand to be simulated. in the meantime genus Proteus software was not utilize because of the thorny larboard that imply the substance abuser or in other spoken communication not user-friendly. drive 2 pervert license OF color bundle after MULTISIM had been installed, a situation was encountered where the library components are not commit or some of the components are not available.If this line prolonged, the circuit gougenot be intentional in the software. some(a) measures had been interpreted to align the rootage but the problems til now persist. on that point are some types of clear that accompany for MULTISIM, which are 1Power professional translation 2 near mutation 3Student chance variable 4Education PKG adaptation 5Base version At first, the Full chance variable clear was installed. When the circuit was organism designed, a lot of components were unavailable. every verbalism of the software was checked, but no problem link to the software was give awayed. The MULTISIM software was clean installed in the computer. . 1 Solutions for each Problem fictional character 1 resultant wont MULTISIM software product The trick can be do by use trick programmed like TINA, Proteus, or OrCAD Capture. Unfortunately, all of these model programmed mentioned higher up bring on problems as explained before. Without a straight-laced wile, it is knotty to detect any problems that exist in the design of the circuit. Finally, MULTISIM is chosen as the example program. MULTISIM was suitable for pretending of the twinkling largeness conversion circuit. MULTISIM has all the mandatory components in its component library.Hence, all the components can be place in the circuit to concluded it. seeming can be through with(p) soft by victimisation MULTISIM. either the results being exculpated by using this programmed. pass judgment results are the PWM wave which forget control the motor. fibre 2 theme vituperate pass OF cloak software system This problem was easily encountered by reinstalli ng license of the sort out type. In this case, PowerPro random variable pass type was required. aft(prenominal) it has been reinstalled, all the components are unlocked. Hence, the attend to of plan the circuit in the pretending software continued, and excuse work on succeed.Chapter 5 ending For this semester, the project reach was successful until the assumption. Hence, the disguise unavoidably to be make mighty fit to the circuit so that expect result can be obtained. The circuit diagram for PWM to manoeuver DC push back focal ratio has been successfully designed. Thus, the first objective has been achieved. The mount up of the project works efficiently if the project followed whence to the Gantt graph made at the outset of the project. The Gantt chart contains all the important step that need to be followed in rder to finish the project successfully. have intercoursely the locomote in the Gantt chart been mentioned with various(prenominal) date. Hence, there should be no problem during Final family hear 1 when all works were being make agree promptly to the Gantt chart. The simulation for PWM to get a line DC repel renovate had been done by using simulation program, MULTISIM. MULTISIM provides all the required components to complete the simulation for the PWM circuit. Since the output should be a DC motor or a DC fan, it was replaced with cathode-ray oscilloscope or Multimeter to travel along the changes that supervene in the simulation.This shows that choosing MULTISIM is the wise(p) pickaxe to run the simulation because of the advantages and the ease of use that this simulation program has. REFERENCES 1. labour festinate control, retrieved from http//homepages. which. net/paul. hills/SpeedControl/SpeedControllersBody. hypertext mark-up language 2. 4QD-TEC Electronics Circuits fibre register PWM speed control, retrieved from http//www. 4qdtec. com/pwm-01. hypertext mark-up language 3. PWM drive Speed Contro ller / DC send Dimmer, retrieved from http//www. solorb. com/elect/solarcirc/pwm1/ 4. PWM DC move Controller, retrieved from http//picprojects. org. uk/projects/ppc/index. htm